Objective Test
Basically objective test are
achievement test types that evidently restrict the testee to a limited response
pattern in ways that serves to guide the testee in giving specific responses
without room for explanation. In measurement and evaluation, objective test has
put up a striking significance in terms of its objectivity in scoring which
obviously is the source of this tests’ name and the possibility of covering a
large volume of the content area.
Types
of Objective Test
1.
Short-answer
2.
True-false
3.
Matching
4.
Multiple-choice
·
Short-answer:
A
short-answer item is a supply item i.e. testees are expected to supply specific
answer to a question or fill in a blank in an incomplete statement with a
correct word or phrase. It is one of the easiest to construct requiring the
testee to supply the correct answer. Example includes: who is the queen of
England.
·
True-false
Very simple
and specific, in a true-false item the testee is expected to affirm or
disaffirm a statement as it is quickly written and read by the testee in the
course of responding to the question.
·
Matching
This is an
objective test were the matching items contains multiple stimulus options and
the respondent or the testee is to indicate which response options is to go
with the stimulus. Matching just like the short-answer objective test are
easily constructed.
·
Multiple
choice
Without
doubt, this is the most popular objective test type in every educational
institute. It is an objective test item when there is a stimulus i.e. a single
stimulus option referred to as the stem and at least three response options in
each item that makes up the test.
Essay
Test
In measurement and evaluation it is
quite requisite for the learners’ knowledge, understanding interpretation and
application on a particular subject concept with respect to the contained
content to determined and well comprehended by the teacher. Hence the
importance of essay test which allows explanation without a restriction on
response but the responses shouldn’t be void of the question asked rather every
bit of the response should be centred and relevant to the question asked.
Essay
test can therefore be define as type of achievement test that allows room for
explanation by the testee without a response pattern on answering a set
question. It is more like an opposite to the objective test which both a restricted
and limit response pattern.
Practical
Test
This
is a type of test that requires the application of motor skills taking note of
the dexterity put in action as a response to a set of question eliciting the
need of applying motor skills. Practical test is also an achievement test and
at some instances, it can be view as one of the general ability test requiring
the application of motor skills. E.g. a chemical reaction test in the
laboratory with the sole aim of
determining how well the testee understands a concept and how well he/she is
able to apply his knowledge about a concept. Hence practical test can be define
as a test type requiring the motor skills of
the testee applied under some noted steps or guidelines set by the
teacher or instructor.
Ways
of Constructing Test
Although there might not be a generally
accepted steps of constructing test the below are vital points and steps in
constructing an effective and efficient test for the sole purpose of achieving
the desired aim.
1.
Defining
of content and instructional objectives
2.
Preparation
of test blue prints
3.
Writing
of test items
4.
Item
selection
·
Pre-item
analysis
·
Item
analysis
5.
Validation
of test
6.
Writing
of final items
All these
are relevant steps gear towards an effective test construction and preparation
for the purpose of measurement and evaluation.
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